The 10 Very Famous Iranian or Persian Specialties

Article by: Ehsan Niroumand, Co-founder and licensed guide at Persian Walk & Feya, Persian Walk Tehran licensed tour guide.

Photos by: Ehsan Niroumand, Feya, and free licensed photos

When we started the Persian Walk in 2018, we faced different questions about Iran (Persia), and the famous Persian specialties that remind our guests of Iran. So, we decided to design a bag with very famous Iranian specialties and give it as a gift to our guests. On this bag, we put the picture of the Azadi (Shahyad) tower, Saffron, Pistachio, Snagak bread, Wind Tower, Achaemenid soldiers from Persepolis, Persian Cat, Pomegranate, Fravahar (the ancient Iranian symbol) and Taarof.

In this blog, we will explain the most famous Persian specialties that remind you of Iran whenever you hear them. Some of them are not printed on the Persian Walk bag.

1. Azadi (Shahyad) Tower

Many people see the Azadi (Shahyad) tower on the news. This tower is the most famous in Iran. It is located in the middle of a massive square in the west of Tehran. Many demonstrations or gatherings happen around it. Azadi Tower was made in 1971 as a memorial for the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire and this could be the reason that makes it a Persian specialty. The name of Shahyad changed to Azadi which means liberty after the 1979 revolution. Inside the Azadi Tower, there is a museum and you can have a panoramic view of Tehran by going to the tower’s rooftop.

2. Caravanserai

A caravanserai (also spelled caravansary) was a type of roadside inn where travelers, known as caravaners, could rest and recover during their journeys. These inns were pivotal for facilitating commerce, sharing information, and enabling travel along trade routes, notably the Silk Road that stretched across Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Europe. Caravanserai has strong roots in Persia. It combines two words:

• Kārvān: Referring to a group of traders, pilgrims, or other long-distance travelers.
• Sarāy: Meaning “palace” or “building with enclosed courts.”

While their exact origin is debated, evidence suggests their use dates back to the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) in Persia, a time of extensive trade.

You can explore one of the world’s most unique caravanserai, which transformed into a hotel in “Mehriz City, Saryazd Fortress, Zeinoddin Caravanserai tour“ by Persian Walk.

3. Persepolis

Persepolis, once the grand capital of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), was a majestic city showcasing the vast power and wealth of the Persian kings. Founded by Darius I around 515 BC, it wasn’t just a seat of government, but a ceremonial center. Imagine a grand stage where representatives from across the empire gathered to pay their respects to the king.

The city, located in southwestern Iran, was built on a massive terrace and boasted impressive palaces, intricate sculptures, and towering columns. These architectural wonders were not just beautiful, they were filled with symbolism, portraying the king’s power and the empire’s vastness.

Sadly, Alexander not so great conquered Persepolis in 330 BC, and the city fell into decline. Today, the awe-inspiring ruins stand as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a testament to the grandeur of the ancient Persian Empire. Persian Walk proudly runs a daily Persepolis tour and you can explore this amazing place with local guides.

4. Persian Blue

Persian blue color, which has three tones, is obtained from lapis lazuli in the mines of Iran and Afghanistan. It is mainly seen in Iranian carpets, fabrics, ceramics, and mosque tiles. You can see this color in the Western and Central Asian mosques as well.
In Iranian mosques like the Isfahan Shah Mosque, variations of Persian blue tones are mainly used in their tilings.
The medium Persian blue is one of the most commonly used tones of Persian blue.

5. Persian Carpet

Persian carpets, also known as Iranian rugs, are more than just floor coverings—they are woven masterpieces that tell stories of art, culture, and tradition. Let’s delve into the fascinating world of Persian carpets as a Persian specialty:

The Artistry of Persian Carpets

1. Rich History: Persian carpets have a long and illustrious history. Woven in Iran (formerly Persia), they date back thousands of years. These textiles were not only functional but also served as status symbols and artistic expressions.
2. Diverse Designs: What sets Persian carpets apart is their intricate designs. Each region in Iran has its unique patterns, colors, and motifs. From geometric shapes to floral arrangements, these designs reflect the cultural heritage of the area.
3. Materials and Techniques: Persian carpets are handwoven using high-quality materials like wool, silk, and cotton. The weaving techniques vary, with some regions using asymmetrical knots (e.g., Tabriz) and others using symmetrical knots (e.g., Isfahan).
4. Symbolism: Many Persian carpet designs carry symbolic meanings. For instance:
   • Tree of Life: Represents immortality and growth.
   • Boteh (Paisley): Symbolizes eternity and rebirth.
   • Gol (Flower): Signifies beauty and abundance.

Notable Types of Persian Carpets

1. Safavid Carpets: Woven during the Safavid dynasty (16th century), these carpets are renowned for their vibrant colors and intricate patterns. They adorn museums and private collections worldwide.
2. Town Carpets: Cities like Tabriz, Isfahan, and Kashan produce exquisite carpets. Tabriz carpets often feature medallion designs, while Isfahan carpets showcase delicate floral motifs.
3. Nomadic Rugs: Made by villagers and nomads, these rugs are authentic and rustic. Gabbeh rugs, with bold designs, fall into this category.

You can visit the Carpet Museum of Iran in Tehran on the Persian Walk daily Museum Tour.

6. Persian Cat

The Persian cat is among the most demanded cats in the world originating from Persia (current Iran). It is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by a round face and short muzzle. It’s said Persian cats might have been imported into Italy from Khorasan as early as around 1620.
Over time, the Persian Cat’s short muzzle has become extremely exaggerated by breeders and this selective breeding by fanciers caused several health problems among Persians.
They are quiet, clean, and sweet, love to lounge around, affectionate, and enjoy attention. They adapt very well to apartment life. They don’t damage anything or hardly hear their mewing or other noises.

7. Pistachio

The pistachio tree originated in Persia. Persian pistachios are known as the best pistachios in the world in terms of taste and quality due to the high content of unsaturated fat. Iran’s soil, climate, amount of sunshine, and traditional farming are a perfect combination for producing the most delicious pistachio in the world. Pistachio is used widely in Iranian cuisines and garnishing dishes.
The word pistachio came from the middle Persian ” Pistak or Pesteh” which is an Onomatopoeia (sound name) from breaking two hard pistachio shells.

8. Saffron

Iran is widely recognized as the country producing the best saffron in the world. They contribute around 90% of the world’s saffron production. There are a few reasons why Iranian saffron is so highly regarded:

• Ideal Growing Conditions: Iran’s Khorasan Province offers a perfect climate and soil composition for saffron crocus cultivation. Dry weather, hot summers, and cool winters, combined with specific mineral-rich soil, contribute to the quality of the saffron threads.
• Traditional Techniques: Saffron cultivation in Iran has been practiced for centuries, and the methods have been honed over generations. These techniques, often passed down through families, ensure meticulous care for the saffron plants throughout the growing process.
• High-Quality Standards: Iranian saffron undergoes rigorous sorting and grading to ensure the stigmas meet strict quality standards. This focus on quality is a hallmark of Iranian saffron.

9. Chai

Persian tea, known as Chai, symbolizes hospitality, social connections, and relaxation in Iranian culture. Since the 15th century, Iranians have perfected the art of brewing loose tea leaves. Served in delicate glass cups, Persian tea fosters conversation and warmth.

Brewing Persian Tea: A Delightful Ritual

Iranians approach tea with reverence, transforming the act of brewing into a cherished tradition. Begin by selecting high-quality loose-leaf black tea—that mostly comes from Lahijan, a city in the north of Iran near the Caspian Sea. Boil water in a kettle or samovar. Place the leaves in a Quri (teapot), pour the boiling water over them, cover them with a lid, and put the Quri on top of the boiling water or the stove with smooth heat. Allow the tea to steep for 10-30 minutes. Then, they pour the strong tea into a cup or glass, pouring up to one-third or half of it, and add hot water above it. Sweeten with sugar cubes or enjoy it plain, accompanied by delightful snacks like dates or dried mulberries. Sometimes they add Saffron or Cardemon or Cinnamon or Rose petals to their tea when it is brewing. Remember, Persian tea isn’t just a beverage; it’s an invitation to connect and share moments together. ☕🌿

10. Paisley

The paisley pattern or in the Persian language Boteh Jegheh, renowned for its distinctive teardrop shape, boasts a rich and diverse history. Originating in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran), it was initially known as “Boteh,” meaning “flower.” This design is believed to symbolize life and eternity, often resembling a blend of a floral spray and a cypress tree, a Zoroastrian emblem of life and fertility. The cypress tree, which bends but does not break in storms, mirrors the resilience of Iranian culture, enduring numerous invasions and preserving its essence through millennia. The journey of the paisley pattern from ancient Persia to contemporary fashion highlights its timeless appeal and versatility. Today, paisley continues to be a beloved motif in various textiles and fashion items worldwide.